Planning & Zoning Commission - 707 (01/23/2024)

Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
201 Boston Post Rd. West, Ste 101 
Marlborough, MA 01752 
Tel.:  (508) 481-7400 
Fax:  (508) 481-7406 
www.chappellengineering.com 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel 
Boston Post Road (Route 1) 
Waterford, Connecticut 
Quality 
Prepared for: 
The Development Manager 
Richmond, VA  23226 
Accuracy 
Integrity 
August 14, 2023

 
 
 
 
Civil • Structural • Transportation 
201 Boston Post Road West 
Marlborough, MA 01752 
Tel.:  (508) 481-7400 
Fax:  (508) 481-7406 
www.chappellengineering.com 
 
 
 
 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
 
 
23026 TIAS 081423 
Page 1 
To: 
Ms. Renita Sommers, Principal 
Reg: 
Extended Stay Hotel  
 
The Development Manager 
 
Boston Post Road (Route 1) 
 
PO Box 8721  
 
Waterford, CT   
 
Richmond, Virginia 23226 
 
 
 
 
Date: 
August 14, 2023 
From: Shaun P. Kelly, Sr. Project Manager 
Project #: 23026 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 
Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC (CEA) has conducted this Traffic Impact and Access 
Study to evaluate the traffic impacts associated with the development of a proposed 121-room 
extended stay hotel, to be located at 295 and 313 Willetts Avenue in Waterford, Connecticut.  The 
proposed parking lot would provide a total of 131 parking spaces, including five handicap 
accessible parking spaces, and three loading spaces. The project site is generally bounded by 
Boston Post Road (Route 1) to the north, Willetts Avenue to the south, and private properties to 
the east and west.  Access to the site is proposed via two new driveways, a primary access drive 
onto Boston Post Road, and a secondary access driveway onto Willetts Avenue, that is intended to 
primarily serve local traffic, and will be restricted to passenger vehicles only.  The site location is 
shown on Figure 1. 
 
This study was conducted in accordance with Connecticut Department of Transportation 
(ConnDOT) guidelines for preparation of traffic assessments, and in consultation with the Town 
of Waterford.  This study provides an estimate of the expected traffic generation and distribution 
characteristics of the project, evaluates the impact of that traffic on the adjacent roadways and 
intersections, and determines the necessity for improvements to the area roadway system.  
 
As documented in this report, project-related traffic increases are expected to result in minimal 
impacts to area traffic operations, with only minor increases in vehicle delays and associated 
queuing predicted. Furthermore, adequate sight distances are provided at the proposed site 
driveway intersections with both Boston Post Road and Willetts Avenue to allow for safe 
operation.  
 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 2 
Figure 1 
Site Location Map 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXISTING CONDITIONS 
 
 
Study Area 
 
Evaluation of the traffic impacts associated with the project requires an evaluation of existing and 
projected traffic volumes, the volume of traffic expected to be generated by the project, and the 
impact that this traffic will have on the adjacent streets. In preparing this study, the following 
intersections were analyzed: 
 
 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 3 
• Boston Post Road at Willetts Avenue and Dollar General driveway 
• Boston Post Road at Strosberg Road and Waterfall Place driveway  
• Willetts Avenue at Clement Street and site driveway (proposed) 
• Boston Post Road at site driveway (proposed) 
 
The study area intersections and roadways are described in detail below. 
 
Boston Post Road (Route 1) is classified as principal arterial under ConnDOT jurisdiction.  The 
corridor is labeled as a north-south route by ConnDOT, but travels in a general east/west 
orientation within the study area, providing connections to the Interstate 95(I-95) and Interstate 
295 (I-295) corridors to the west, and the City of New London to the east.  Within the study area, 
ConnDOT generally provides two lanes of travel in each direction, west of Willetts Avenue, and 
a single lane of travel in each direction, east of Willetts Avenue, separated by a double-yellow 
centerline.  Sidewalk is provided along both sides of Boston Post Road, west of Willetts Avenue, 
and along the northern side of the corridor, east of Willetts Avenue.  Formal bicycle facilities are 
not provided along the corridor in the vicinity of the project site.  The posted speed limit on Boston 
Post Road, in the vicinity of the project site is 30 miles per hour. Parking along the corridor is 
prohibited within the study area.  Land use along Boston Post Road, within the study area, is 
primarily commercial or residential in nature.   
 
Willetts Avenue is classified as a major collector roadway and traverses the study area in a general 
east/west orientation between its western terminus at Boston Post Road, and eastern terminus at 
Shaw Street in the city of New London. Willetts Avenue provides a single lane of travel in each 
direction, separated by a painted double-yellow centerline. Sidewalk is provided along the 
southern side of the corridor in the vicinity of the project site.  Formal bicycle facilities are not 
provided along the corridor.  The posted speed limit on Willetts Avenue is 30 mph in the vicinity 
of the site access and reduces to 25 mph east of the study area.  Land use along Willetts Avenue is 
primarily commercial in the vicinity of Boston Post Road, and residential further east along the 
corridor.    
 
Boston Post Road intersects Willetts Road and the Dollar General driveway to form a four-way 
intersection that operates under traffic signal control.  The Boston Post Road eastbound approach 
provides a shared left-turn/through lane and an exclusive right-turn lane.  The Boston Post Road 
westbound approach provides two general purpose travel lanes.  The Willetts Avenue northbound 
approach provides a single general purpose travel lane.  The Dollar General driveway southbound 
approach provides an exclusive left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.  Sidewalk is 
provided along the northern side of Boston Post Road and along the southern side of Boston Post 
Road, west of Willetts Avenue.  A painted crosswalk is provided across the Boston Post Road 
eastbound approach to the intersection.  The traffic signal at this location operates under a four-
phase signal sequence, with split phasing provided for northbound and southbound traffic on the 
Dollar General driveway and Willetts Avenue, and an exclusive pedestrian phase provided via 
push button activation. Land use in the vicinity of this intersection is primarily commercial in 
nature, including the Dollar General store, a gas station, and an automotive service center. 
 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 4 
Boston Post Road intersects the Waterfall Place driveway and Strosberg Road to form a four-
way intersection that operates under traffic signal control.  The Boston Post Road eastbound 
approach provides a shared left-turn/through lane and an exclusive right-turn lane.  The Boston 
Post Road westbound approach provides an exclusive left-turn lane and a shared through/right-
turn lane.  The Waterfall Place driveway northbound approach provides a shared left-turn/through 
lane and an exclusive right-turn lane.  The Strosberg Road southbound approach provides a single 
general purpose travel lane.  Sidewalk is provided along the northern side of Boston Post Road at 
this location.  The traffic signal at this location operates under a two-phase signal sequence.   Land 
use in the vicinity of this intersection is primarily commercial, including the Waterfall Place 
shopping center. 
 
Willetts Avenue intersects Clements Street to form a three-way intersection that operates under 
STOP-sign control.  All three intersection approaches provide a single general purpose travel lane.  
The Clements Street northbound approach operates under STOP-sign control.  Sidewalk is 
provided along the southern side of Willetts Avenue at this location.  Land use in the vicinity of 
this intersection is predominantly residential in nature. 
 
 
Traffic Volumes 
 
Base traffic conditions within the study area were developed by conducting manual turning 
movement and vehicle classification counts (TMC’s) at the study intersections in May 2023. The 
TMC’s were conducted during the weekday AM peak period (7:00 to 9:00 AM) and weekday PM 
peak period (4:00 to 6:00 PM). These time periods were chosen as they typically represent the 
peak time periods for adjacent roadway traffic. Collected traffic count data are provided in the 
Appendix. The count data indicate that the weekday AM peak hour generally occurs from 7:45 to 
8:45 AM, with the weekday PM peak hour generally occurring between 4:00 to 5:00 PM. 
 
Based on consultation with the Town of Waterford Planning Department, it was noted that traffic 
volumes along Willetts Avenue are often higher during the hour between 3:00 and 4:00 PM than 
during the typical weekday PM commuter hours due to employee shift patterns along this corridor 
that typically run earlier in the afternoon.  As such, collected volumes were compared to 3:00 to 
4:00 PM traffic volume data, provided in support of the Waterford Central residential 
development, and were adjusted accordingly to represent peak conditions. 
 
To determine if the count data needed to be adjusted to represent peak month conditions consistent 
with ConnDOT guidelines for traffic impact assessments, expansion factors provided by the 
department were reviewed.  Based on a review of these data, May traffic volumes are 
approximately 3 percent lower than peak month conditions.  As such, collected traffic volumes 
were adjusted upwards by 3 percent, as well as the adjustments to reflect the higher 3:00 to 4:00 
PM traffic patterns. The ConnDOT expansion factor data are provided in the Appendix. 
 
 
 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 5 
Table 1 summarizes the 2023 Existing peak hour traffic volumes on the study area roadways, with 
the peak hour traffic flow networks provided on Figure 2. 
 
 
Table 1 
Existing Traffic Volume Summary 
 
 
Location/Time Period 
 
Peak Hour Volume a 
 
Directional Distribution b 
Boston Post Road, west of 
proposed site driveway: 
AM: 
654 
PM: 
1,096 
51% EB 
52% WB 
Willetts Avenue, west of 
proposed site driveway:  
AM: 
731 
PM: 
936 
51% EB 
53% WB 
a In vehicles per hour. 
b EB = eastbound, WB = westbound.  
 
 
Crash History 
 
Crash data for the study intersections were obtained from the Town of Waterford Police 
Department for the five-year period between 2018 and 2022.  The data were reviewed and 
summarized by severity, crash type, and roadway surface under which the crash occurred, as 
summarized in Table 2.   
 
 
Table 2 
Crash Summary 
 
 
 
Number of Accidents 
 
Severity a 
 
Accident Type b 
 
% During 
 
Location 
 
Total 
Avg./ 
Year 
 
PD 
 
PI 
 
CM 
 
RE 
 
SS 
 
HO 
 
SV 
 
U 
Wet/Icy 
Conditions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Boston Post Road at 
Willetts Avenue 
 
25 
5.0 
19 
6 
5 
13 
4 
1 
2 
0 
16% 
Boston Post Road at 
Strosberg Road 
 
6 
1.2 
4 
2 
0 
5 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0% 
Willetts Avenue at 
Clement Street 
1 
0.2 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0% 
Source: Town of Waterford Police Department – 2018 through 2022 data. 
a PD = property damage only; PI = personal injury; NR = Not Reported. 
b CM = cross movement/angle; RE = rear end; SS = sideswipe; HO = head-on; SV= single vehicle; U= unknown. 

367
322
3
362
1
3
3
2
347
1
0
3
Boston Post
Road
Figure 2
NOT TO SCALE
Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Weekday AM Peak Hour
Weekday PM Peak Hour
Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC
2023 Existing Peak Month
Civil, Structural & Transportation Services
366
349
6
1
1
10 Clement
Street
310
295
8
45
20
8
13
1
35
8
1
5
1
331
323
SITE
Willetts
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway
538
558
11
395
11
2
5
3
508
2
4
12
Boston Post
Road
433
490
11
3
3
2
Clement
Street
508
532
7
43
21
13
12
0
53
10
0
11
1
530
566
SITE
Willetts
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 6 
As summarized in Table 2, the intersection of Boston Post Road with Willetts Avenue experienced 
a total of twenty-five crashes over the five-year period, averaging approximately 5 motor vehicle 
collisions per year. Of the twenty-five reported collisions, the majority involved property damage 
only (19 of 25 crashes), with no fatalities reported over the five-year review period.  The majority 
of crashes were either angle or rear-end type collisions. Approximately 16 percent of reported 
crashes occurred during wet/icy conditions.  
 
The intersection of Boston Post Road with Strosberg Road and the Waterfall Place driveway 
experienced a total of six motor vehicles per year, or approximately one motor vehicle collision 
per year on average.  The majority of collisions (4 out of 6) involved property damage only, with 
no fatalities reported over the five-year review period.    
 
A single collision was reported at the intersection of Willetts Avenue with Clements Street over 
the five-year review period, involving a single car crash that resulted in property damage only.  
 
 
Vehicle Speeds 
 
Vehicle speed measurements were conducted along Boston Post Road and Willetts Avenue, at the 
proposed site access driveway locations, through the use of radar detection during off-peak hours. 
The results of the speed measurements are summarized in Table 3. 
 
 
Table 3 
Observed Travel Speeds a 
 
 
 
Location/Direction 
Posted 
Speed Limit 
Average 
Speed 
85th Percentile 
Speed b 
 
 
 
 
Boston Post Road: 
 Eastbound 
 Westbound 
 
 
30 
30 
 
34 
33 
 
38 
36 
Willetts Avenue: 
 Eastbound 
 Westbound 
 
 
30 
30 
 
30 
31 
 
33 
35 
a In miles per hour (mph).  
b Speed at, or below which 85 percent of all observed vehicles travel.  
 
 
As shown in Table 3, average travel speeds along Boston Post Road, adjacent to the site, are higher 
than the posted speed limit of 30 mph, with vehicles on average traveling 34 mph in the eastbound 
direction and 33 mph in the westbound direction. The calculated 85th percentile travel speeds were 
determined to be 38 mph speeds in the eastbound direction and 36 mph in the westbound direction.  

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 7 
The average travel speed on Willetts Avenue, adjacent to the site, was determined to be 30 mph in 
the eastbound direction and 31 mph in the westbound direction, equal to or slightly higher than the 
posted 30 mph speed limit.  The 85th percentile operating speed was determined to be 33 mph in 
the eastbound direction and 35 mph in the westbound direction.   
 
Accordingly, the 85th percentile travel speeds were used in the calculation of minimum sight 
distance requirements for both roadways, as discussed below. 
 
 
Sight Distance 
 
To identify potential safety concerns associated with site access and egress, sight distances have 
been evaluated at the proposed site driveway intersections with Boston Post Road and Willetts 
Avenue, to determine if the available sight distances for vehicles exiting the site meet or exceed 
the minimum distances required for approaching vehicles to safely stop. The available sight 
distances were compared with minimum requirements, as established by the American Association 
of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).1  AASHTO is the national standard 
by which vehicle sight distance is calculated, measured, and reported.  ConnDOT requires the use 
of AASHTO sight distance standards when preparing traffic impact assessments and studies, as 
stated in their guidelines for traffic impact assessments. 
 
Sight distance is the length of roadway ahead that is visible to the driver. Stopping Sight Distance 
(SSD) is the minimum distance required for a vehicle traveling at a certain speed to safely stop 
before reaching a stationary object in its path. The values are based on a driver perception and 
reaction time of 2.5 seconds and a braking distance calculated for wet, level pavements. When the 
roadway is either on an upgrade or downgrade, grade correction factors are applied. Stopping sight 
distance is measured from an eye height of 3.5 feet to an object height of 2 feet above street level, 
equivalent to the taillight height of a passenger car. The SSD is measured along the centerline of 
the traveled way of the major road.  
 
Intersection sight distance (ISD) is provided on minor street approaches to allow the drivers of 
stopped vehicles a sufficient view of the major roadway to decide when to enter the major roadway. 
By definition, ISD is the minimum distance required for a motorist exiting a minor street to turn 
onto the major street, without being overtaken by an approaching vehicle reducing its speed from 
the design speed to 70 percent of the design speed. ISD is measured from an eye height of 3.5 feet 
to an object height of 3.5 feet above street level. The use of an object height equal to the driver eye 
height makes intersection sight distances reciprocal (i.e., if one driver can see another vehicle, then 
the driver of that vehicle can also see the first vehicle). When the minor street is on an upgrade 
that exceeds 3 percent, grade correction factors are applied.  
 
SSD is generally more important as it represents the minimum distance required for safe stopping 
while ISD is based only upon acceptable speed reductions to the approaching traffic stream. 
 
1A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 7th Edition; American Association of State Highway and 
Transportation Officials (AASHTO); 2018. 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 8 
However, the ISD must be equal to or greater than the minimum required SSD in order to provide 
safe operations at the intersection. In accordance with the AASHTO manual, “If the available sight 
distance for an entering or crossing vehicle is at least equal to the appropriate stopping sight 
distance for the major road, then drivers have sufficient sight distance to anticipate and avoid 
collisions. However, in some cases, this may require a major-road vehicle to stop or slow to 
accommodate the maneuver by a minor-road vehicle. To enhance traffic operations, intersection 
sight distances that exceed stopping sight distances are desirable along the major road.” 
Accordingly, ISD should be at least equal to the distance required to allow a driver approaching 
the minor road to safely stop.  
 
The available intersection sight distances at the proposed site driveway locations with Boston Post 
Road and Willetts Avenue were measured and compared to minimum requirements as established 
by AASHTO. The reported distances reflect the removal of overgrown vegetation within the sight 
triangles at each driveway location. Since the requirements are based on the adjacent street speed 
of traffic, the observed 85th percentile speeds were used to calculate the minimum sight distance 
requirements. The required minimum sight distances for these speeds are compared to the available 
distances, as shown in Table 4.   
 
 
Table 4 
Sight Distance Summary 
 
 
 
Sight Distance (feet) 
 
Location/Direction 
Measured 
Minimum 
Required (SSD)a 
Desirable (ISD)b 
 
 
 
 
Boston Post Road at Site Driveway 
 
East of intersectionc 
 
West of intersectionc 
 
 
485 
600+ 
 
265 
285 
 
335 
290 
Willetts Avenue at Site Driveway 
 
East of intersectionc 
 
West of intersection 
 
 
283 
438 
 
250 
230 
 
290 
335 
a Values based on AASHTO SSD requirements for observed 85th percentile speeds of 38 mph traveling eastbound 
and 36 mph traveling westbound on Boston Post Road, and 33 mph traveling eastbound and 35 mph traveling 
westbound on Willetts Avenue. 
b Values based on AASHTO ISD requirements for a posted speed limit of 30 mph on both Boston Post Road and 
Willetts Avenue. 
c Measured distances reflect the removal of overgrown vegetation at the proposed driveway locations. 
 
 
As shown in Table 4, following the removal of overgrown vegetation at the proposed site driveway 
locations, sight distances exceed the minimum required SSD in both directions at both the Boston 
Post Road and Willetts Avenue driveway locations.  The Boston Post Road driveway meets the 
desirable ISD in both the eastbound and westbound directions.  The Willetts Avenue driveway 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 9 
location meets the desirable ISD to the west, and is just short of the desirable ISD to the east.  It is 
noted however, that ISD only reflects an acceptable speed reduction to oncoming traffic and is not 
the minimum requirement.  It is recommended that sight triangles be shown on the site plan to 
identify areas where existing vegetation is to be trimmed or removed and proposed landscaping or 
signs should be kept low (maximum 2 feet in height from street level) or set back outside the sight 
triangles (as defined by AASHTO) so as not to impede the available sight distances.  
 
 
 
FUTURE CONDITIONS 
 
 
Traffic Growth 
 
Future traffic conditions were projected to the year 2025, representing the anticipated opening year 
for the project, consistent with state requirements for traffic impact analyses. To project traffic 
conditions within this design horizon, two components of traffic growth were included. First, an 
annual average traffic growth rate was determined to account for general population growth and 
smaller development projects (such as residential developments) that may impact traffic along 
roadways in the site vicinity.  
 
In order to account for background growth, existing traffic volumes were adjusted upwards by        
1 percent per year over the two-year planning horizon.  This background growth rate is consistent 
with the background growth rate utilized for other recent area traffic studies that have been 
reviewed and approved by ConnDOT. 
 
Second, any planned or approved specific developments in the area that would generate a 
significant volume of traffic on study area roadways within the next seven years were included. 
The Town of Waterford and City of New London Planning Departments were contacted to 
determine whether there are any planned development projects expected to influence future traffic 
operations within the study area.  The City of New London indicated no specific developments are 
proposed proximate to the project that would impact future traffic volumes.  The Town of 
Waterford identified the following background development project, which was included in the 
analysis of future traffic operations: 
 
• Proposed Waterford Central Residential Development - 386 & 394 Willetts Avenue/61 & 
61A Myrock Avenue, Waterford, CT – this development project entails the final phase of 
a proposed residential development, consisting of 216 units of residential housing, with 
305 parking spaces provided.  Access to the project will be provided via an existing access 
driveway onto Willetts Avenue, east of Boston Post Road.  Additional traffic associated 
with this project were obtained from the traffic assessment2 prepared for this development 
and have been included in the analysis of future traffic operations.  As discussed in 
 
2 Traffic Volume Data – Step 1, Proposed Waterford Central Residential Development, 386 & 394 Willetts 
Avenue/61 & 61A Myrock Avenue, Waterford, Connecticut; VHB, April 21, 2023. 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 10 
subsequent sections of this report, in conjunction with this project, roadway geometric 
enhancements are proposed for the intersection of Boston Post Road with Willetts Avenue, 
including the widening of Willetts Avenue to provide a second approach lane to Boston 
Post Road.   
 
 
No-Build Conditions 
 
The 2025 No-Build networks were accordingly developed by applying a compounded 1.0 percent 
annual growth rate to the existing adjacent street volumes and by adding the traffic associated with 
the aforementioned background development project. The 2025 No-Build peak-hour traffic-flow 
networks are shown on Figure 3. 
 
 
Proposed Roadway Improvements 
 
As mitigation for the proposed Waterford Central residential development, both roadway 
geometric and traffic signal improvements are proposed at the intersection of Boston Post Road 
with Willetts Avenue.  Proposed improvements include the widening of the Willetts Avenue 
northbound approach to provide additional capacity and queue storage, as well as the optimization 
of the future signal timing at this location.  Future year traffic analyses reflect the proposed 
improvements at this intersection. 
 
 
Project-Related Traffic Generation 
 
In order to develop the trip generation characteristics of the project, trip generation data published 
by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) as part of the Trip Generation Manual3 were 
reviewed.  The ITE publishes trip generation for a number of Land Use Codes (LUCs) including 
LUC 311 – All Suites Hotel, the most appropriate category for the proposed development.  The 
trip generation for the project is summarized in Table 5.   
 
 
 
 
3 Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition; Institute of Transportation Engineers; Washington, DC; 2021. 

374
328
3
377
3
3
10
2
380
1
0
3
Boston Post
Road
Figure 3
NOT TO SCALE
Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Weekday AM Peak Hour
Weekday PM Peak Hour
Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC
2025 No Build Peak Month
Civil, Structural & Transportation Services
405
366
6
1
1
10 Clement
Street
323
303
8
46
20
8
13
1
36
8
1
5
1
344
331
SITE
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway
549
569
11
430
18
2
9
3
534
2
4
12
Boston Post
Road
462
533
11
3
3
2
Clement
Street
522
550
7
44
21
13
12
0
54
10
0
11
1
544
584 
SITE
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Willetts
Willetts

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 11 
Table 5 
Trip Generation Summary 
 
 
 
Time Period 
 
 
Vehicle Tripsa 
Weekday Daily 
540 
Weekday AM Peak Hour 
 
Enter 
 
Exit 
 
Total 
 
22 
19 
41 
Weekday PM Peak Hour 
 
Enter 
 
Exit 
 
Total 
 
22 
22 
44 
 
 
a ITE LUC 311 (All Suites Hotel), 122 rooms.  
 
 
As summarized in Table 5, the proposed extended stay hotel is expected to generate 540 vehicle 
trips (270 entering and 270 exiting) on a typical weekday, including 41 vehicle trips (22 entering 
and 19 exiting) during the weekday AM peak hour, and 44 vehicle trips (22 entering and 22 exiting) 
during the weekday PM peak hour. 
 
 
Trip Distribution 
 
Trip distribution patterns for the project were determined based on a review of traffic patterns 
along area roadways serving the site.  Primary access to the project will be provided via a new 
driveway onto Boston Post Road, with secondary access provided via a rear access driveway onto 
Willetts Avenue, opposite Clements Street.  Specifically, 70 percent of project-generated traffic is 
expected to arrive and depart via Boston Post Road, with 35 percent oriented to and from the east, 
and 35 percent oriented to and from the west.  The remaining 30 percent is expected to arrive and 
depart via Willetts Avenue, including 15 percent to and from the east, and 15 percent to and from 
the west.  
 
 
Build Conditions 
 
Based on the traffic generation and distribution estimates for this project, additional traffic 
expected to be generated by the project were assigned to the roadway network as shown on     
Figure 4, with the 2025 Build peak hour traffic volumes graphically depicted on Figure 5.  
 
 
 

8
7
3
2
Boston Post
Road
Figure 4
NOT TO SCALE
Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Weekday AM Peak Hour
Weekday PM Peak Hour
Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC
Project Generated Traffic
Civil, Structural & Transportation Services
3
3
3
2
Clement
Street
8
7
1
8
8
7
7
SITE
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway
8
8
3
3
Boston Post
Road
3
3
3
3
Clement
Street
8
8
1
8
8
8
8
SITE
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Enter: 22
Exit: 19
Total: 41
Enter: 22
Exit: 22
Total: 44
Willetts
Willetts

Boston Post
Road
Figure 5
NOT TO SCALE
Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Weekday AM Peak Hour
Weekday PM Peak Hour
Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC
2025 Build Peak Month
Civil, Structural & Transportation Services
405
366
3
6
1
3
1
0
10
3
0
2
Clement
Street
1
344
331
8
8
7
7
SITE
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway
557
577
11
433
18
2
9
3
537
2
4
12
Boston Post
Road
462
533
3
11
3
3
3
0
2
3
0
3
Clement
Street
530
558
7
44
21
13
12
0
54
10
0
11
1
544
584
8
8
8
8
SITE
Avenue
Waterfall Place
Driveway
Site
Driveway
Strosberg
Road
Dollar General
Driveway
Site
Driveway
377
335
3
377
3
3
10
2
382
1
0
3
331
310
8
46
20
8
13
1
36
8
1
5
Willetts
Willetts

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 12 
Traffic Increases 
 
The greatest increases in traffic are expected to occur along segments of Boston Post Road, west 
of Willetts Avenue.  During peak hours of roadway traffic, total increases are projected to amount 
to 20 to 22 new vehicle trips per hour, or approximately one new vehicle trip every three minutes. 
This level of traffic represents an approximate 1 to 2 percent increase in traffic as compared to 
future No-Build conditions, which is not expected to result in a notable impact to area traffic 
operations.   
 
 
Site Access, Circulation and Parking 
 
Access to the project is proposed via two new driveways.  The primary access driveway will 
intersect the southern side of Boston Post Road, with secondary access via a new driveway onto 
Willetts Avenue, opposite Clements Street.  It is recommended that both driveways provide a 
minimum of 24-feet in width to provide a 12-foot entering and 12-foot exiting lane.  A painted 
double-yellow centerline should be installed to separate inbound and outbound traffic flows, with 
a STOP-sign (MUTCD R1-1) and painted stop line provided at the termini of both driveways.  
Corner radii at the proposed driveways should be 30-feet, or the minimum required to 
accommodate both delivery and emergency vehicle access to the project. 
 
The project proposes to provide a total of 131 parking spaces to serve the project.  Based on parking 
demand data published by the ITE for LUC 311 – All Suites Hotel, the weekday peak demand for 
the project amounts to 94 spaces, with the peak weekend demand, which would occur on a 
Saturday, amounting to 111 spaces.  As such, the proposed parking supply is sufficient to 
accommodate the peak demand for the proposed hotel.  It is noted that the parking demand 
projections represent full occupancy at the hotel.  During periods when there are vacancies the 
associated demand would be lower. 
 
 
 
CAPACITY ANALYSIS 
 
 
Level-of-service (LOS) analyses were conducted at the study area intersections under existing and 
projected volume conditions to determine the effect that the additional site-generated traffic will 
have on traffic operations. The capacity analysis methodology is based on the concepts and 
procedures in the Highway Capacity Manual4 (HCM) and is described in the Appendix. For 
signalized intersections, the maximum back of queue during an average signal cycle and a 95th 
percentile signal cycle was calculated for each lane group during the peak periods studied.  The 
back of queue is the length of a backup of vehicles from the stop line of a signalized intersection 
to the last car in the queue that is required to stop, regardless of the signal indication.  The length 
of this queue depends on a number of factors including signal timing, vehicle arrival patterns, and 
 
4 Highway Capacity Manual 2010; Transportation Research Board; Washington, DC; 2010. 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 13 
the saturation flow rate.  For unsignalized intersections, the 95th percentile queue represents the 
length of queue of the critical minor-street movement that is not expected to be exceeded 95 
percent of the time during the analysis period (typically one hour).  The queue length is a function 
of the capacity of the movement and the movement’s degree of saturation.     
  
The Synchro analysis program was used for all capacity analyses.  Existing parameters were 
obtained from observations made in the field during peak times. The level-of-service and queue 
results for signalized and unsignalized intersections are presented in Tables 6 and 7, respectively 
and are discussed below. All analysis worksheets are provided in the Appendix. 
 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 14 
Table 6  
Signalized Intersection Level-of-Service Analysis Summary  
Location/Peak 
Hour/Movement 
 
2023 Existing 
 
2025 No-Build 
 
2025 Buildf 
V/Ca 
Delayb 
LOSc 
50 Qd 
95 Qe 
V/C 
Delay LOS 50 Q 
95 Q 
V/C 
Delay 
LOS 
50 Q 
95 Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Boston Post Road at Willetts Avenue and Dollar General Driveway  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weekday AM Peak Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EB Left/Thru 
0.53 
14.7 
B 
59 
216 
0.51 
12.9 
B 
50 
205 
0.52 
13.1 
B 
52 
210 
EB Right 
0.25 
0.5 
A 
0 
9 
0.27 
0.6 
A 
0 
9 
0.27 
0.6 
A 
0 
9 
WB All 
0.29 
10.7 
B 
27 
87 
0.28 
9.4 
A 
23 
83 
0.29 
9.4 
A 
24 
85 
NB All 
0.52 
15.2 
B 
58 
223 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NB Left 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0.36 
14.6 
B 
31 
133 
0.36 
14.6 
B 
32 
134 
NB Thru/Right 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0.33 
13.3 
B 
29 
127 
0.33 
13.3 
B 
29 
128 
SB Left 
0.01 
27.0 
C 
0 
4 
0.01 
24.0 
C 
0 
4 
0.01 
24.0 
C 
0 
4 
SB Thru/Right 
0.01 
0.0 
A 
0 
0 
0.01 
0.0 
A 
0 
0 
0.01 
0.0 
A 
0 
0 
Overall 
-- 
10.3 
B 
-- 
-- 
-- 
9.3 
A 
-- 
-- 
-- 
9.3 
A 
-- 
-- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weekday PM Peak Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EB Left/Thru 
0.77 
26.1 
C 
188 
447 
0.71 
21.6 
C 
130 
462 
0.72 
22.1 
C 
133 
471 
EB Right 
0.30 
0.7 
A 
0 
11 
0.32 
0.8 
A 
0 
11 
0.32 
0.8 
A 
0 
11 
WB All 
0.44 
15.2 
B 
88 
164 
0.41 
13.0 
B 
61 
170 
0.42 
13.2 
B 
62 
173 
NB All 
0.75 
26.9 
C 
175 
408 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NB Left 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0.52 
21.4 
C 
84 
188 
0.52 
21.4 
C 
85 
188 
NB Thru/Right 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0.49 
20.0 
B 
82 
183 
0.50 
20.0 
B 
82 
184 
SB Left 
0.01 
32.0 
C 
1 
8 
0.02 
30.8 
C 
2 
11 
0.01 
31.0 
C 
2 
11 
SB Thru/Right 
0.10 
19.9 
B 
2 
18 
0.09 
19.6 
B 
2 
18 
0.09 
19.8 
B 
2 
18 
Overall 
-- 
18.2 
B 
-- 
-- 
 
14.8 
B 
-- 
-- 
 
15.0 
B 
-- 
-- 
a Volume-to-capacity ratio. 
b Average control delay in seconds per vehicle. 
c Level of service. 
d 50th percentile queue in feet, assuming 25 feet per vehicle. 
e 95th percentile queue in feet, assuming 25 feet per vehicle. 
 
 
 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 15 
Table 6 (Continued) 
Signalized Intersection Level-of-Service Analysis Summary  
Location/Peak 
Hour/Movement 
 
2023 Existing 
 
2025 No-Build 
 
2025 Build 
V/Ca 
Delayb 
LOSc 
50 Qd 
95 Qe 
V/C 
Delay LOS 50 Q 
95 Q 
V/C 
Delay 
LOS 
50 Q 
95 Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Boston Post Road at Strosberg Road and Waterfall Place Driveway 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weekday AM Peak Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EB Left/Thru 
0.26 
3.1 
A 
0 
54 
0.27 
3.2 
A 
0 
57 
0.28 
3.2 
A 
0 
59 
EB Right 
0.04 
1.5 
A 
0 
6 
0.04 
1.5 
A 
0 
6 
0.04 
1.5 
A 
0 
6 
WB Left 
0.03 
3.0 
A 
0 
6 
0.03 
3.0 
A 
0 
6 
0.03 
3.0 
A 
0 
6 
WB Thru/Right 
0.22 
2.9 
A 
0 
50 
0.23 
2.9 
A 
0 
52 
0.24 
2.9 
A 
0 
54 
NB Left/Thru 
0.10 
9.8 
A 
5 
17 
0.10 
9.9 
A 
5 
17 
0.10 
10.1 
A 
5 
18 
NB Right 
0.04 
5.4 
A 
0 
6 
0.04 
5.5 
A 
0 
6 
0.04 
5.5 
A 
0 
6 
SB All 
0.08 
8.2 
A 
2 
6 
0.08 
8.4 
A 
2 
6 
0.08 
8.4 
A 
2 
6 
Overall 
-- 
3.5 
A 
-- 
-- 
-- 
3.5 
A 
-- 
-- 
-- 
3.5 
A 
-- 
-- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weekday PM Peak Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EB Left/Thru 
0.44 
4.6 
A 
54 
114 
0.44 
4.6 
A 
54 
114 
0.45 
4.7 
A 
55 
122 
EB Right 
0.04 
1.3 
A 
0 
6 
0.04 
1.3 
A 
0 
6 
0.04 
1.3 
A 
0 
6 
WB Left 
0..4 
3.3 
A 
1 
7 
0.04 
3.3 
A 
1 
7 
0.04 
3.2 
A 
2 
7 
WB Thru/Right 
0.43 
4.5 
A 
55 
120 
0.43 
4.5 
A 
55 
120 
0.45 
4.6 
A 
60 
130 
NB Left/Thru 
0.19 
15.4 
B 
13 
36 
0.19 
15.4 
B 
13 
36 
0.20 
16.2 
B 
13 
38 
NB Right 
0.04 
7.2 
A 
0 
9 
0.04 
7.2 
A 
0 
9 
0.04 
7.5 
A 
0 
9 
SB All 
0.13 
10.5 
B 
4 
10 
0.13 
10.5 
B 
4 
10 
0.13 
11.0 
B 
4 
11 
Overall 
-- 
5.1 
A 
-- 
-- 
-- 
5.1 
A 
-- 
-- 
-- 
5.1 
A 
-- 
-- 
a Volume-to-capacity ratio. 
b Average control delay in seconds per vehicle. 
c Level of service. 
d 50th percentile queue in feet, assuming 25 feet per vehicle. 
e 95th percentile queue in feet, assuming 25 feet per vehicle. 
 
 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 16 
Table 7  
Unsignalized Intersection Level-of-Service Analysis Summary  
Location/Peak 
Hour/Movement 
 
2023 Existing 
2025 No-Build 
2025 Build 
V/Ca 
Delayb 
LOSc 
Queued 
V/C 
Delay 
LOS 
Queue 
V/C 
Delay 
LOS 
Queue 
 
Willetts Avenue at Clements Street and Site Drive 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weekday AM Peak Hour 
EB All 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
WB All 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
NB All 
0.04 
15.2 
C 
0 
0.05 
16.1 
C 
0 
0.06 
18.5 
C 
0 
SB All 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0.02 
15.4 
C 
0 
Weekday PM Peak Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EB All 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
WB All 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
0.00 
0.0 
A 
0 
NB All 
0.03 
14.3 
B 
0 
0.03 
15.1 
C 
0 
0.04 
16.9 
C 
0 
SB All 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0.02 
18.6 
C 
0 
Boston Post Road at Site Drive 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weekday AM Peak Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WB All  
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0.01 
0.20 
A 
0 
NB All 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0.03 
12.8 
B 
0 
Weekday PM Peak Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WB All  
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0.01 
0.10 
A 
0 
NB All 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0.06 
19.0 
C 
0 
a Volume-to-capacity ratio.  
b Average control delay in seconds per vehicle.  
c Level of service.  
d 95th percentile queue in feet, assuming 25 feet per vehicle. 
 
 
 
As shown in Table 6, under 2023 Existing conditions, the signalized intersection of Boston Post 
Road with Willetts Avenue currently operates at an overall LOS B during the weekday AM and 
weekday PM peak hours.  Under 2025 No-Build conditions, following the implementation of 
roadway geometric and traffic signal improvements by others, reductions in vehicle delay are 
noted at this location with operations at an overall LOS A to B during the weekday AM and PM 
peak hours, respectively.  Under 2025 Build conditions, this location is projected to continue to 
operate at an overall LOS A to B, with overall delays increasing by less than one second as 
compared to future No-Build conditions. 
 
Under 2023 Existing conditions the intersection of Boston Post Road with Strosberg Road and the 
Waterfall Place driveway currently operates at LOS A, and is projected to continue to operate at 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 17 
LOS A under future 2025 No-Build and Build conditions, with project-related traffic resulting in 
no notable change to traffic operations.   
 
As summarized in Table 7, under 2023 Existing conditions, northbound traffic on Clements Street, 
at its intersection with Willetts Avenue currently operates at LOS C during both the weekday AM 
and weekday PM peak hours, with mainline traffic on Willetts Avenue operating at LOS A.  Under 
future 2025 No-Build conditions, northbound traffic on Clements Street is projected to continue 
to operate at LOS C during both peak periods, with mainline traffic volumes continuing to operate 
at LOS A.  Under future 2025 Build conditions, both the Clements Street northbound approach 
and proposed site driveway southbound approach are projected to operate at LOS C during both 
the weekday AM and weekday PM peak hours, with mainline traffic on Willet Avenue continuing 
to operate at LOS A.  Queuing on both minor street approaches is projected to be minimal, 
amounting to less than one vehicle on average. 
 
Under 2025 Build conditions, the proposed site drive approach to Boston Post Road is projected 
to operate at LOS C or better during both the weekday AM and weekday PM peak hours, with 
mainline traffic volumes along Boston Post Road operating at LOS A during both peak periods. 
 
 
 
CONCLUSIONS 
 
 
Existing and future conditions at the study area intersections have been described and analyzed 
with respect to traffic operations and the impact of the proposed project. Conclusions of this effort 
and recommendations are presented below. 
 
• The project entails the development of a 122-room hotel, that will provide a total of 131 on-
site parking spaces. 
• Access to the facility is proposed by way of two new unsignalized driveways, a primary 
driveway onto Boston Post Road, with secondary local access provided via Willetts Avenue. 
• The proposed parking supply is adequate to meet the peak parking demand for the facility on 
both a weekday and weekend. 
• The proposed hotel is expected to generate 540 vehicle trips (270 entering and 270 exiting) on 
a typical weekday, including 41 vehicle trips (22 entering and 19 exiting) during the weekday 
AM peak hour, and 44 vehicle trips (22 entering and 22 exiting) during the weekday PM peak 
hour. 
• In general, it is expected that 70 percent of project-related traffic will arrive and depart via  
Boston Post Road, with the remaining 30 percent utilizing the Willetts Avenue driveway.  
Approximately half of the entering and exiting traffic at each driveway location are expected 
to travel east and west along Route 1 and Willetts Avenue, respectively. 

Chappell Engineering Associates, LLC 
Civil • Structural • Transportation • Surveying 
Traffic Impact and Access Study 
Extended Stay Hotel, Waterford, CT 
 
23026 TIAS 081423                                      
          Page 18 
• Traffic increases are expected to be greatest along the segment of Boston Post Road, west of 
Willetts Avenue, where increases are expected to amount to approximately 1 new vehicle trip 
every three minutes. 
• Under future 2025 Build conditions, following implementation of roadway improvements by 
others, all signalized study area locations are projected to operate at acceptable LOS B or better 
conditions, with project-related traffic increases resulting in minimal impacts to traffic 
operations or vehicle queuing.   
• Following the removal of existing vegetation, the proposed site access driveways onto both 
Boston Post Road and Willetts Avenue will provide sight lines that well exceed the minimum 
required SSD in both the eastbound and westbound directions. 
• It is recommended that any proposed landscaping or signs in the vicinity of the driveways be 
kept low to the ground (less than 2 feet above street level) or set back sufficiently so as not to 
impede sight distances for drivers exiting the site.  
With implementation of the recommended mitigation measures, safe and efficient access will be 
provided to the proposed extended stay hotel, with minimal impact expected to area traffic 
operations.