Conservation Commission - 1237 (03/12/2026)

WETLAND DELINEATION REPORT
Connecticut College Mamacoke Brook Ouitfall
Channel Stabilization and Restoration
Waterford, Connecticut
February 6, 2026
Biohabitats
NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIOREGION
RECEIVED
FEB 2 4 9095 
Project #25201.01
Planning & Development
Town of Waterford, CT

Biohabitats
NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIOREGION
WETLAND DELIENATION REPORT
CONNECTICUT COLLEGE MAMACOKE BROOK OUTFALL CHANNEL STABILIZATION AND
RESTORATION, WATERFORD, CT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 
PAGE
1.0 
INTRODUCTION
i 
Background
V2 
ODJOCHIVES Lana eieeesssssssessesmetensensensessesessestsiussssasassssssenssenseessseussiasisisessenssesseseenea 5
2.0 
WETLAND DELINEATION... .ccccsssssssssssssessesccssssssssssssonsonseessesessesssseseternssssseseserecsesersenenseeees 5
2.1 
Federal Jurisdictional Wetlands
2.1.1 
Regulatory Definition ..
21.2 
Methodology
2.1.2.1 
Hyd rophytic Vegetation 0... esses 
6
21.2.2 
Hydric Soils...
2.1.2.3 
Wetland Hydrology
2.1.3 
Determination and identification of Federal Wetlands.....8
2.2 
Connecticut Jurisdictional Wetlands.
2.3 
Field Investigation
3.0 
RESULTS OF THE WETLAND DELINEATION .........ccccssssssssssssssssssssssssssessessevusseseseneensceese 10
3.1 
US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory............. 10
3.2 
Natural Resource Conservation Service Soi] MAP oss 
10
3.3 
Field Delineated Wetland Units
3.3.1 
Wetland Unit A
3.3.2. Watercourse A
4.0 
CONCLUSIONS. csssssssssssssssssesssssssssssssresasssessssssssssssssasssssssatsnnsavisvusesseesseseseeeseesersivenena 13
5.0 
REFERENCES cccccccccscsscsssscsssssscscssecsssssesessessssssesssssessecscnsnseceeccsssssssssssnesiesssssnsrassasanvissnseneentst 13
ii
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NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIDREGION
APPENDICES 
END OF REPORT
A 
Existing Conditions Mapping
B 
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soils Report
Cc 
Wetland Delineation Forms
Certification of Wetland Delineation
State jurisdictional wetlands and watercourses were delineated in accordance with the
State of Connecticut Infand Wetlands and watercourses Act (CGS 220-36 to 22a-45
inclusive), Federal jurisdictional wetlands were delineated in accordance with U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Technical Report Y-87-1) and Regional
Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Northcentral and
Northeast Region (ERDC/EL TR-12-1) pursuant to Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water
Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). To the best of my knowledge, the delineations depicted hereon are
true and accurate.
The wetland and watercourses were delineated in accordance with applicable local,
state and federal statutes, regulations and guidance. Classification and mapping of
soils on site were conducted in a manner consistent with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Soil Survey Manual (Soil Science Division Staff, 2017). This delineation does not
constitute an official wetland boundary until such time as it is accepted and approved
by local, state or federal regulatory agencies.
Ag 6a 
2/6/26
foshud H. Wilson, PWS #1992 
Date
Registered Soil Scientist
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1.0 
INTRODUCTION
The Connecticut College Mamacoke Brook Outfall Channel Stabilization and Restoration
(the Site) is along an intermittent channel extending from the culvert outfall east of CT
Route 32, located at approximately 600 feet north of the intersection with Benham
Avenue, to a culvert under a private railroad berm, approximately 0.3 miles east in
Quaker Hill, Waterford (New London County, Connecticut) (Figure 1). The Site historically
was an agricultural homestead site but is now mixed hardwood/softwood forest,
hedgerow, open field and open water.
N
500 
1,000 Feet A
Figure 1 Site vicinity map.
1 
Background
Connecticut College received grant funding for the stabilization and restoration of the
Mamacoke Brook, which is located on Connecticut College Arboretum property between
Route 32 and the Thames River. The Brook will be stabilized and restored as part of the
Mamacoke Island Aquatic Habitat Resilience (MIAHR) Project, which also includes tidal
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NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIOREGION
marsh restoration along the Thames River. The Brook is laterally and vertically unstable,
with eroded banks 4-6 feet in height and deep channel incision along portions of its
approximate 1,500-foot length. This instability is likely caused by concentrated
stormwater flow contributions, a steeply sloped flow path, and a reduction in vegetation
along portions of the channel. Consequently, this has resulted in channel enlargement
and excessive sediment generation due to bank erosion. The proposed stream
restoration will stabilize the flowpath, enhance the overall heaith and stability of the
stream system, and reduce pollutant loading into the Tharnes River.
1.2 
Objectives
The objective of this report is to describe any regulated jurisdictional wetiands within the
Site project boundaries.
2.9 
WETLAND DELINEATION
21 
Federal Jurisdictional Wetlands
21.1 
Regulatory Definition
The Army Corps of Engineers (Federal Register 1982) and the Environmental Protection
Agency (Federal Register 1980) jointly define wetlands as:
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground
water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under
normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically
adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally
include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas.
Wetlands are generally identified and delineated through the positive evidence of the
following diagnostic environmental characteristics: 1) hydrophytic vegetation, 2) hydric
soil, and 3) evidence of hydrological indicators. The 1987 USACE Wetland Delineation
Manual (Technical Report Y-87-1) and the Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of
Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Northcentral and Northeast Region (ERDC/EL TR-
09-19) provides the specific guidelines and methodology required to complete federal
wetland delineations.
2.1.2 
Methodology
The 1987 USACE Wetlands Delineation Manual and the Interim Regional Supplement to
the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Northcentral and Northeast Region
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provide definitions and guidelines pertaining to the diagnostic environmental
characteristics: 1) hydrophytic vegetation, 2) hydric soil, and 3) hydrological indicators.
These three characteristics were evaluated during the Onsite Inspection (Level 2) and
using the methods for Routine Determinations, Comprehensive Determinations, Atypical
Situations, and Problem Areas.
2.1.2.1 
Hydrophytic Vegetation
Vegetation that occurs in wetlands or hydrophytic vegetation is defined by the USACE as:
«the sum total of macrophytic plant life that occurs in areas where the
frequency and duration of inundation or soil saturation produce
permanently or periodically saturated soils of sufficient duration to
exert a controlling influence on the plant species present (USACE
1987.12).
Whether the hydrophytic vegetation is prevalent in an area is dependent on the
presence of dominate species comprising the plant community or communities that are
typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions (USACE 1987:13). Plant species are
assigned a wetland by the US Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) National Wetland
Inventory (NWI) program. Plant species with an indicator status of obligate (OBL),
facultative wetland (FACW) or facultative (FAC) are considered to be typically adapted
for life in flooded or saturated conditions. The indicator status of vegetation identified in
this survey follows the PLANTS Database (USDA, NRCS 2006):
¢ 
Obligate wetland (OBL) plants are species that occur almost exclusively in
wetlands; Estimated probability of tirne is >99%
* 
Facultative wetland (FACW) plants are species that usually occur in wetlands;
Estimated probability of time is 67%-99%
* 
Facultative wetland (FAC) plants are species that are equally likely to occur in
wetlands or non-wetlands; Estimated probability of time is 34%-66%
Hydrophytic vegetation is considered to be a primary characteristic of a wetland when
“more than 50 percent of the dominant species are OBL, FACW, or FAC” (USACE 1987:17).
At an observation point in each wetland area, the dominate plant species were
determined as those having the greatest relative basal area (woody overstory or tree
layer), greatest height (wood understory or shrub layer), and greatest percentage of
areal coverage (herbaceous understory or herb layer) (USACE 1987:53).
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24.2.2 
Hydric Soils
Wetland or hydric soils are defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural
Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) as:
a soil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding
long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic
conditions in the upper part (Federal Register, July 13, 1994; USDA-
NRCS Hydric Soils Technical Note I: Proper use of Hydric Soil
Terminology).
A soil is considered to be a wetland soil by the USACE when the “hydric soil supports
hydrophytic vegetation and the area has indicators of wetland hydrology” (USACE
1987:21). Hydric soils are typically poorly and very poorly drained soils. They undergo
chemical reactions and physical processes as a result of soil saturation and reducing
conditions which differ from those found in upland soils.
21.2.3 
Wetland Hydrology
The USACE defines the term wetland hydrology as:
«all hydrologic characteristics of areas that are periodically inundated
or have soils saturated to the surface at some time during the growing
season (USACE 1987.28).
Thus, “areas with evident characteristics for wetland hydrology are those where the
presence of water has an overriding influence on the characteristics of vegetation”
(USACE 1987:28). The criterion for hydrology consists of inundation or saturation “to the
surface continuously for at least 5% of the growing season in most years (50% probability
of recurrence)” (USACE 1987:30).
The presence of primary and secondary wetland hydrological indicators was noted at
each observation point selected in the wetland area. The guidelines (USACE 1987:34)
consider that “wetland hydrology is present when any of these primary indicators is
present when combined with a hydrophytic plant community and hydric soils.”
Additionally, the USACE guides that “in the absence of a primary indicator, any two
secondary indicators must be present to conclude that wetland hydrology is present.”
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213 
Determination and Identification of Federal Wetlands
The determination and identification of federal wetlands used the methods for Routine
Determinations, Comprehensive Determinations, Atypical Situations, and Problem Areas.
Overall, the generalized methods (based on USACE 1987, Figure 16, pages 63-64) involve
the following:
A. Hydrophytic Vegetation (Step 13)
* 
Characterize each plant community types (i.e. trees, saplings, shrubs, herbs,
moss/lichens, and vines)
* 
Record USFWS NWI indicator status of dominant species
¢ 
Determine if more than 50 percent of the dominant species are OBL, FACW, or FAC
B. Hydric Soils (Step 14)
¢ 
Gather soil profile data by using a spade or auger to dig a soil pit
¢ 
Record soil profile data
¢ 
Document hydric soil indicators
C. Wetland Hydrology (Step 15)
« 
Observe the presence of primary hydrologic indicators
¢ 
Observe the presence of secondary hydrologic indicators
D. Wetland Determination (Steps 16 and beyond)
« 
Using the guidelines determine if hydrophytic vegetation is present based on “A”
e 
Using the guidelines determine if hydric soils are present based on “B”
« 
Using the guidelines determine if wetland hydrology is present based on “C”
* 
Make the wetland determination based on the following:
* 
Awetland exists if all three of the wetland criteria (vegetation, hydrology, and
soils) exists for 
a observation point
e 
The observation point is not a wetland if one or more of the wetland criteria are
absent
¢ 
For Atypical Situations or Problem Areas, all three wetland criteria may not be met.
Consideration for modifications or disturbances should be considered and
greater weight may be assigned to on criteria over the others.
2.2 
Connecticut Jurisdictional Wetlands
A wetland, regulated under the Connecticut Inland Wetland and Watercourses Act, is, in
general, defined as a soil that is saturated to within 20 inches of the surface during a
portion of the growing season. These soils have redoximorphic features, a deficiency of
oxygen near the surface, and/or ponded water during the growing season. They are
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poorly drained, very poorly drained, alluvial, or fluvial as specified by the USDA Natural
Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Depth to seasonal high water table is
determined by low-chromia mottling or wetness indicators, Hydric soils have a similar
definition.
Watercourses are also regulated under the Connecticut intand Wetland and
Watercourses Act: Watercourses are rivers, streams, brooks, waterways, lakes, ponds,
marshes, swarnps, bogs, and ail other bodies of water including natural or artificial,
vernal or intermittent, public or private. A defined permanent channel and bank, and the
occurrence of two or more of the following characteristics delineate intermittent
watercourses:
«~ 
Evidence of scour or deposits of recent alluvium or detritus
«- 
Presence of standing or flowing water for a duration longer than a particular
storm Incident
* . Presence of hydrophytic vegetation
23. 
Fleld 
Investigation
To prepare for the field investigation, the following current literature and mapping were
reviewed:
* 
NRCS Web Soil Survey (http://websdilsurvey.nres.usdagov/)
« 
USFWS Wetlands Online Mapper (http://wetlandsfws.er.usgs.gov/)
*~ 
Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition (Soil Survey Staff, 2006)
* 
— Soif Survey Manual (Soil Survey Staff, 1993)
In September 2025, Biohabitats delineated the Federal and Stcte wetlands on site. Solls
were inspected on-site by a Bichabitats Soil Scientist using a sail auger or spade, digging
at least 20 inches to view the soil profile at the observation point selected for each
wetland area. Soil types were identified by observation of soil morphology (matrix color,
mottie colors, mottle abunctance/size/contrast, and soll texture/structure, etc.) using the
terminology and abbreviations found ih the “Field Book far Describing and Sampling
Soils’ (Schonéneberg et dl, 2002). The hydric soil indicators and soils sections of the
wetiand determination form were completed using “Field indicators for identifying Hydric
Soils in New England” (New England Hydric Soils Technical Committee 1998).
Wetland and watercourse (waterway) limits were demarcated (flagged) with pink
surveyot's tape (hung from vegetation) or small flags (on wire stakes) labeled "werTLanp
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NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIOREGION
DELINEATION” that were generally spaced at every 30 feet. Complete boundaries are
located along the lines that connect sequentially numbered flags.
3.0 
RESULTS OF THE WETLAND DELINEATION
31 
US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory
The USFWS NWI (Figure 2) maps wetlands based on analyses of reconnaissance level
information on the location, type, and size of wetlands habitats such that they are
accurate at the nominal scale of the 1:24,000 USGS quadrangle base map. Wetlands
identified are based on the classification of Cowardin et al. (1978) and the letter and
number codes used in that reference. Thus, the maps provide a planning tool to
determining whether a site contains wetlands.
The USFWS identifies the wetlands occurring on-site as:
e 
Estuarine Intertidal Scrub-Shrub Broad-leaved Deciduous Irregularly Flooded
Mesohaline (E2SSIP5)
e 
Estuarine Subtidal Unconsolidated Bottom Subtidal (EIUBL)
Use of this resource, however, does not take the place of on-site wetland delineation and
evaluation. As part of the field investigation, wetland areas were identified, characterized
as to their hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrological indicators and assigned
d wetland classification based on this information.
3.2 
Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil Map
Wetland soils are identified by soil scientists based on established hydric criterion and
boundaries depicted on aerial photographs and are accurate at a scale of three acres.
Thus, the maps provide a planning tool to determining whether a site contains wetlands.
(Figure 2) The upstream limits of the project area are classified as Canton and Charlton
soils (60D), a steep-sloped, well-drained soil. The majority of soils within the project area
are classified as Sutton fine sandy loams (51B), which is 
a moderately well-drained soil
typically found on hillslopes and classified as having high runoff potential. The northern
side and downstream limits of the project area are Charlton-Chatfield complex (73E), a
very rocky, well-drained soil found on 15 to 45 percent slopes. All of these soil classes are
derived from granite, gneiss, and/or schist.
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Use of NRCS soil mapping, however, does not take the place of on-site wetland
delineation and evaluation. As part of the field investigation, wetland areas were
identified, characterized as to their hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrological
indicators and assigned a wetland classification based on this information. Soil
characteristics were recorded during on-site field inspections of soil borings and test
pits. Details of soil observations are provided in the wetland delineation forms (Appendix
Soil Map—State of Connecticut, Eastern Part
(Mamacoke Steam Restoration)
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Figure 2 Site soils map.
3.3 
Field Delineated Wetland Units
Three (3) wetland/watercourse units were identified on the property. One of the 3 were
outside of the investigated area of disturbance and were not delineated or inspected at
the same level of detail as the remaining 2 wetland/watercourse units. Appendix A
provides the location of the 2 wetland/watercourse units that were characterized and are
described in this report. The limits of the wetlands and watercourses on site were flagged
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NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIOREGION
in the field and enumerated WA-1 to WA-35. A generalized description for each wetiand
and watercourse unit is provided below.
3.3.1 
Wetland Unit A
Wetland Unit A is a freshwater nontidal scrub-shrub broad-leaved deciduous wetland
present along the western edge of the salt pond impoundment at the eastern extent of
the project area. This wetland is fed partially by a seep at the toe of slope to the west and
the pond to the west and is characterized by shrub layer that is dominated by grey alder
(Alnus incana) and spicebush (Lindera benzoin). The herb layer is dominated by
common reed (Phragmites australis), skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) and
beggarsticks (Bidens frondosa). Hydric soils were encountered at the toe of the
surrounding slope and the following indicators were met: stratified layers (AS), dark
surface ($7), thin dark surface ($9). The wetland hydrology present in Wetland Unit A
included primary indicators of surface water (Al), saturation (A3), sparsely vegetated
concave surface (B8) and secondary indicators of drainage patterns (B10), dry season
water table (C2), geomorphic position (D2) and the plant community passes the FAC
neutral test (D5).
The upland conditions adjacent to Wetland Unit A consist of steep sideslopes of coarse
material that drain well. Hillslope forests are dominated by American beech (Fagus
grandifolia), black birch (Betula lenta), sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black oak
(Quercus velutina) species in the tree layer with the shrub layer dominated by burning
bush (Euonymus alatus), maple leaved viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium), sassafras
(Sassafras albidum), arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum) and barberry (Berberis
thunbergii). The herb layer is composed of wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata), white
wood aster (Eurybia divaricate), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolate), woodland sedge
(Carex , burnweed, and woodland sedge (Carex sylvatica) poison ivy (Toxicodendron
radicans), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and Asiatic bittersweet (Celastrus
orbicuiatus) vines. No wetland hydrology or vegetation was present and there were no
hydric soil indicators present.
3.3.2. 
Watercourse A
The project site centers around Watercourse A (Mamacoke Brook) which is an
intermittent channel that is laterally and vertically unstable, with eroded banks 4-6 feet
in height and deep channel incision along portions of its approximate 1,500-foot length.
sediment generation due to bank erosion.
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NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIGREGION
40 
CONCLUSIONS
This Wetland Survey and Evaluation has been prepared to determine the wetlands and
watercourses occurring on the Connecticut College Arboretum property in Waterford,
Connecticut. Two wetiand and watercourse units were identified on the property in the
area of USEPA and USACE interest.
5.0 
REFERENCES
Brinson, M.M. 1993. 
A Hydrogeomorphic Classification for wetlands, Wetlands Research
Program Tech. Report WRP-DE-4, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E. T. LaRoe. i979. Classification of wetlands and
deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological
Service Program. FWS/OBS-79/31. Washington, DC.
Hagstrom, N.T., Humphreys, M,, and Hyatt, W.A. 1994. A Survey of Connecticut Streams and
Rivers—Lower Thames River, Pawcatuck River, and Easter Coastal Drainages. F-
66-R-6: Progress Report, CT DEP Inland Fisheries, April 1, 1993-March 3}, 1994,
Hartford, CT.
New England Hydric Soils Technical Committee. 1998. Field Indicators for identifying
Hydric Soils in New England. New England interstate Water Pollution Control
Commission, Lowell, Massachusetts.
Schoenberger, P.J., D.A. Wysocki, EC. Benham, and W.D. Broderson (editors). 2002. Field
Book for Describing and Sampling Soils, Version 2.0. Natural Resource
Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.
Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th ed. USDA-Natural Resources
Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1987. Wetland Delineation Manual,
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, Wetland Research Program
Technical Report Y-87-1, On-line Edition.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1993. Soil Survey Manual, Handbook No.
18 U.S. Government Printing office. Washington, DC.
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United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service
(NRCS). 2006. PLANTS Database. http://plants.usda.gov, 30 October 2006.
National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA).
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APPENDIX A - EXISTING CONDITIONS MAPPING
MAMACOKE BROOK OUTFALL CHANNEL
Waterford, Connecticut
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NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIGREGION
APPENDIX A — NRCS SOILS REPORT
MAMACOKE BROOK OUTFALL CHANNEL
Waterford, Connecticut
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Soil Map—State of Connecticut, Eastern Part
Mamacoke Stream Restoration
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Namo
Acres in AOE
Percent of AOI
Ridgebury, Leicester, and
Whitman soils, 0 to 8
percent slopes, extremely
stony
17
1.1%
12
Raypol silt toam, 0 to 3 percent
slopes
2.8
1.7%
34
Merrimac fine sandy loam, 0 to
3 percent slopes
14.0
8.8%
34B
Merrimac fine sandy loam, 3 to
8 percent slopes
0.5
0.3%
38C
Hinckley loamy sand, 3 to 15
percent slopes
2.3
1.5%
50B
Sutton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8
percent slopes
37
2.3%
51B
Sutton fine sandy loam, 0 to 8
percent slopes, very stony
23.9
15.1%
60B
Canton and Chariton fine
sandy loams, 3 to 8 percent
slopes
13.4
8.3%
60C
Canton and Chariton fine
sandy loams, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
10.9
6.9%
60D
Canton and Chariton soils, 15
to 25 percent slopes
6.9
44%
61B
Canton and Chariton fine
sandy loams, 0 to 8 percent
slopes, very stony
23.9
15.2%
61C
Canton and Charlton fine
sandy loams, 8 to 15 percent
slopes, very stony
1.2
7.1%
68C
Narragansett silt loam, 3 to 15
percent slopes, extremely
stony
0.7
0.5%
73C
Charlton-Chatfield complex, 0
to 15 percent slopes, very
rocky
a5
0.3%
73E
Charlton-Chatfield complex, 15
to 45 percent slopes, very
rocky
20.9
13.2%
84B
Paxton and Montauk fine
sandy loams, 3 to 8 percent
slopes
5.2
3.3%
84C
Paxton and Montauk fine
sandy loams, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
9.3
5.9%
UspA 
Natural Resources
== 
Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey
National Cooperative Soil Survey
9/8/2025
Page 3 of 4

Soil Map—State of Connecticut, Eastern Part
Mamacoke Stream Restoration
Map Unit Symbol 
Map Unit Name 
Acres in AO! 
Percent of AOI
98 
Westbrook mucky peat, 0 to 2 
14 
0.9%
percent slopes, very
frequently flooded
997 
Thames silt loam, subtidal 
3.6 
2.3%
Ww 
Water 
16 
1.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 
158.0 
400.0%
UsDA 
Natural Resources 
Web Soil Survey 
9/8/2025
Conservation Service 
National Cooperative Soil Survey 
Page 4 of 4

® Biohabitats
NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS & COASTAL BIOREGION
APPENDIX B — WETLAND DELINEATION FORMS
MAMCOKE BROOK OUTFALL CHANNEL
Waterford, Connecticut
CAUsers\]Wilson\ AppData\Local\ Temp \Bluebeam Software\ 11576599.doc

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA SHEET — Northcentral and Northeast Region
See ERDC/EL TR-12-1; the proponent agency is CECW-CO-R
OMB Control #: 0710-0024, Exp: 9/30/2027
Requirement Control Symbol EXEMPT:
(Authority: AR 335-15, paragraph 5-2a)
Project/Site:
ApplicantfOwner. 
Connecticut College
Mamacoke Brook Outfall Channel Stabilization & Restoration City/County: Waterford/New London
Sampling Date: 
09/12/2025
State: 
CT. 
Sampling Point’ 
_Wet14
Investigator(s): 
B. Salladin
Landform (hillside, terrace, etc.): 
Floodplain
Subregion (LRR of MLRA): 
LRRR
Lat: -72.102159
Section, Township, Range:
Local relief (concave, convex, none): concave
Slope %: 
1
NAD83
Long: 41.388310 
Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name: 
Chariton-Chatfield complex
NWI classification: 
N/A
Are climatic / hydralogic conditions on the site typical for this time of year?
Are Vegetation 
, Soil 
, or Hydrology 
significantly disturbed?
Are Vegetation 
, Soil 
, or Hydrology 
haturally problematic?
Yes_ 
x 
No
Are “Normal Circumstances” present?
(if no, explain in Remarks.)
No
Yes 
x
(if needed, explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS - Attach site map showing sampling point locations, transects, important features, etc.
Yes 
No
Yes 
No
Yes _ X_ 
No
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present?
Hydric Soil Present?
Wetland Hydrology Present?
Se
x
is the Sampled Area
within a Wetland?
if yes, optional Wetland Site iD:
Yes 
X
No
Remarks: (Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators (minimum of one is required: check all that apply)
Secondary Indicators (minimum of two required)
Surface Soil Cracks {86)
_X_ Surface Water (A1)
__ Water-Stained Leaves (B9)
X_Drainage Patterns (B10)
Moss Trim Lines (B16)
Dry-Season Water Table (C2)
Crayfish Burrows (C8}
Saturation Visible on Aerial imagery (C9)
Algal Mat or Crust (B4)
Iron Deposits (B5)
_____ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery (B7)
_X_ Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface (B8)
Thin Muck Surface (C7)
Other (Explain in Remarks)
_. righ Water Table (A2) 
__ Aquatic Fauna (B13)
_X_ Saturation (A3) 
____ Marl Deposits (B15)
__... Water Marks (B1) 
__ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1)
__. Sediment Deposits (B2) 
___ Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots (C3)
___. Drift Deposits (B3) 
__ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4)
Recent lron Reduction in Tilled Soils (C6)
Stunted or Stressed Plants (D1)
x_Geomorphic Position (D2)
Shaliow Aquitard (D3)
Microtopographic Relief (D4)
FAC-Neutral Test (D5)
mL) 
kL I) kL
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? 
Yes 
x 
No 
Depth (inches): 
1.5
Water Table Present? 
Yes 
x 
No 
Depth (inches): 
16.8
Saturation Present? 
Yes 
x 
No 
Depth {inches): 
0
{includes capillary fringe}
Wetland Hydrology Present? 
Yes 
X_ 
No
Describe Recorded Data (stream gauge, monitoring well, aerial photos, previous inspections), if available:
Remarks:
ENG FORM 6116-8, SEP 2024
ENG FORM 6116-8, SEP 2024
Northcentral and Northeast 
— Version 2.0
Northcentral and Northeast — Version 2.0

VEGETATION - Use scientific names of plants. 
Sampling Point: 
Wet 4
Absolute 
Dominant 
Indicator
Tree Stratum 
(Plot size: 
) 
% Cover 
Species? 
Status 
Dominance Test worksheet:
1. 
Number of Dominant Species
2. 
That Are OBL, FACW, or FAC: 
6 
(A)
3. 
Total Number of Dominant
4. 
Species Across All Strata: 
8 
(B)
5. 
Percent of Dominant Species
6. 
That Are OBL, FACW, or FAC: 
75.0% 
(A/B)
7 
Prevalence Index worksheet:
=Total Cover 
Total % Cover of: 
Muitiply by:
Sapling/Shrub Stratum 
(Plot size: 
15 
) 
OBL species 
43 
x1= 
43
1. 
Lindera benzoin 
10 
Yes 
FACW 
FACW species 
95 
X22 
1390
2. 
Ligustrum vulgare 
10 
Yes 
FACU 
FAC species 
15 
x3= 
45
3. 
Alnus incana 
30 
Yes 
FACW 
FACU species 
10 
x45 
40
4. 
UPL species 
20 
x§= 
400
5. 
Column Totals: 
183 
(A) 
418 
(B)
6. 
Prevalence Index = B/A= 
2.28
7. 
Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
50 
=Total Cover 
1 
- Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation
Herb Stratum 
(Plot size: 
5 
) 
_X_2- Dominance Test is >50%
1. 
Phragmites australis 
20 
Yes 
FACW 
_X_3- Prevalence Index is <3.0'
2. 
Peltandra virginica 
8 
No 
OBL 
47 Morphological Adaptations! {Provide supporting
3. 
_Symplocarpus foelidus 
18 
Yes 
OBL 
data in Remarks or on a separate sheet)
4. 
Bidens frondosa 
15 
Yes 
FACW 
__ Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation’ (Explain)
5. 
Pilea pumila 
§ 
No 
FACW 
‘Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
6. 
Typha angustifolia 
10 
No 
OBL 
present, unless disturbed or problematic.
7. 
Solidago gigantea 
5 
No 
FACW 
Definitions of Vegetation Strata:
8. 
_impations capensis 
10 
No 
FACW 
Tree — Woody plants 3 in. (7.6 cm) or more in diameter
9. 
Juncus effusus 
5 
No 
OBL 
at breast height (DBH), regardiess of height.
10. Boshmeria cylindrica 
§ 
No 
Bt 
Sapling/shrub ~ Woody plants less than 3 in. DBH and
11. 
greater than or equal to 3.28 ft (4 m) tall.
12. 
Herb — All herbaceous (non-woody) plants, regardiess
98 
=Total Cover 
of size, and woody piants less than 3.28 ft tall.
Woody Vine Stratum 
(Plot size — 0) 
Woody vines — Ail woody vines greater than 3.28 ft in
4. 
Vitis riparia 
5 
No 
FAC 
height.
2. 
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 
20 
Yes 
UPI.
. 
. 
Hydrophytic
3. 
Toxicodendron radicans 
10 
Yes 
FAC 
Vegetation
4. 
Present? 
Yes 
X 
No
36 
=Total Cover
Remarks: (Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet.)
ENG FORM 6116-8, SEP 2024 
Northcentral and Northeast 
— Version 2.0
ENG FORM aie: SEP 2024 
Northcentral and Northeast 
— Version 2.0

r
SOIL 
Sampling Point: 
Wet 4
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth 
Matrix 
Redox Features
{inches) 
Color (moist) 
% 
Color (moist) 
% 
Type’ 
Loc* 
Texture 
Remarks
0-2.4 
AYR 2/2 
100 
Sandy
2.4-19.2 
40YR 3/4 
100 
Sandy
19,2-24 
10YR 4/1 
400 
Sandy
‘Type: C=Concentration, D=Depletion, RM=Reduced Matrix, MS=Masked Sand Grains.
2Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil Indicators:
Marl (F10) (LRR K, L)
Red Parent Material (F21) (MLRA 145)
Sandy Gleyed Matrix (S4)
Sandy Redox (S5)
__ Stripped Matrix (S6)
_Histosol (A1) 
_X__ Dark Surface (87) 
_2 om Muck (A10) (LRR K, L, MLRA 1498)
__Histic Epipedon (A2) 
__Polyvatue Below Surface (S8) (LRR R, 
__ 5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat (S3) (LRR K, L, R)
___Black Histic (A3) 
MLRA 149B) 
_ Polyvalue Below Surface (S8) (LRR K, L)
___ Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) 
WX Thin Dark Surface (S9) (LRR R, MLRA 148B) 
__ hin Dark Surface (S9) (LRR K, L)
2 Stratified Layers (A5) 
__High Chroma Sands (S11) (LRR K, L) 
__lron-Manganese Masses (F12) (LRR K, L, R)
___Depieted Below Dark Surface (A141) 
Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (LRR K, L) 
___. Piedmont Floodplain Soils (F19) (MLRA 149B)
__ Thick Dark Surface (A12) 
____ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2) 
__ Red Parent Material (F21) (outside MLRA 145)
___ Mesic Spodie (A17) 
___ Depleted Matrix (F3) 
__Vvery Shallow Dark Surface (F22)
(MLRA 144A, 145, 149B) 
____ Redox Dark Surface (F6) 
__ Other {Explain in Remarks)
Iron Monosulfide (A18) 
Depleted Dark Surface (F7)
Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) 
Redox Depressions (F8)
Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils*:
3Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
wetland hydrology must be present,
unless disturbed or problematic.
Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Type:
Depth (inches):
Hydric Soif Present? 
Yes 
X 
No
Remarks:
ENG FORM 6116-8, 
SEP 2024
NorthcditriicendrblcatitbbktrthvestieiVaréion 2.0

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA SHEET — Northcentral and Northeast Region
See ERDC/EL TR-12-1; the proponent agency is CECW-CO-R
OMB Control #: 0710-0024, Exp: 9/30/2027
Requirement Control Symbol EXEMPT:
(Authority: AR 335-15, paragraph 5-2a)
Project/Site: 
Mamacoke Brook Outfall Channel Stabilization and Restoration City/County: Waterford/New London
Sampling Date: 
9/12/2025
Applicant/Owner: 
Connecticut College 
State. 
CT 
Sampling Point: 
Non-wet1
Investigator(s): B. Saliadin 
Section, Township, Range:
Landform (hillside, terrace, etc.): 
hillside 
Local relief (concave, convex, none): convex 
Slope %: 
25
Subregion (LRR or MLRA): 
LRRR 
Lat: -72.102159 
Long: 41.388310 
Datum: 
NAD83
Soil Map Unit Name: 
Chariton-Chatfield complex 
NWI classification: 
N/A
Are climatic / hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? 
Yes 
x 
Nos (lf no, explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation 
, Soil 
, or Hydrology 
significantly disturbed?
Are Vegetation 
, Soil 
, or Hydrology 
naturally problematic?
Are "Norma! Circumstances” present?
Yes 
x 
No
(if needed, explain any answers in Remarks.)
“SUMMARY OF FINDINGS - Attach site map showing sampling point locations, transects, important features, etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? 
Yes 
No 
X 
{s the Sampled Area
Hydric Soil Present? 
Yes 
No 
X 
within a Wetland?
Wetland Hydrology Present? 
Yes 
No 
X 
\f yes, optional Wetland Site ID:
No 
X
Yes
Remarks: (Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology indicators:
Primary Indicators {minimum of one is required; check all that apply)
__. Surface Water (A1} 
Water-Stained Leaves (B9)
__ High Water Table (A2) 
Aquatic Fauna (B13)
~~ Daturation (A3) 
Marl Deposits (B15)
___ Water Marks (B1) 
Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1)
___ Sediment Deposits (B2) 
Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots (C3)
___ Drift Deposits (B3) 
Presence of Reduced Iron (C4)
___Algal Mat or Crust (B4)
____ Iron Deposits (B5)
__. Inundation Visible on Aerial imagery (B7)
_. Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface (B8)
Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils (C6)
Thin Muck Surface (C7)
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Secondary 
Indicators (minimum of two required
Surface Soil Cracks (B6}
Orainage Patterns (B10)
Moss Trim Lines (B16)
Dry-Season Water Table (C2}
Crayfish Burrows (C8)
Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9)
Stunted or Stressed Plants (D1)
___Geomaorphic Position (D2)
__ Shallow Aquitard (D3)
___Microtopographic Relief (D4)
___FAC-Neutral Test (D5)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? 
Yes 
No 
Depth (inches):
Water Tabie Present? 
Yes 
No 
Depth (inches):
Saturation Present? 
Yes 
No 
Depth (inches):
(includes capitlary fringe)
Wetland Hydrology Present?
Yes 
No 
X
Describe Recorded Data (stream gauge, monitoring well, aerial photos, previous inspections), if available:
Remarks:
ENG FORM 6116-8, SEP 2024
ENG FORM 6116-8, SEP 2024
Northcentral and Northeast ~ Version 2.0
Northcentral and Northeast — Version 2.0

VEGETATION -— Use scientific names of plants.
Sampling Point; 
— Non-wet 1
30 
=Total Cover
Absolute 
Dominant 
Indicator
Tree Satum 
(Plot size: 
30 
) 
% Cover 
Species? 
Status 
Dominance Test worksheet:
4. 
i
Quercus velutina 
40 
Yes 
UPL 
Number of Dominant Species
2. 
Betula tenta 
30 
Yes 
FACU 
That Are OBL, FACW, or FAC: 
1 
{A)
3. 
Fagus grandifolia 
25 
Yes 
FACU 
Total Number of Dominant
4. 
Acer saccharum 
5 
No 
FACU 
Species Across All Strata: 
1 
{B)
§ 
Percent of Dominant Species
6 
That Are OBL, FACW, or FAC: 
8.1% 
(A/B)
7. 
Prevalence Index worksheet:
100 
=Total Cover 
Total % Cover of: 
Multiply by:
Sapling/Shrub Stratum 
(Plot size: 
15 
) 
OBL species 
0 
x1= 
0
1. 
Euonymus alatus 
20 
Yes 
UPL 
FACW species 
i] 
x25 
0
2. 
Viburnum acerifolium 
15 
Yes 
UPL 
FAC species 
10 
x35 
30
3. 
Berberis thunbergii 
10 
No 
FACU 
FACU species 
125 
x4= 
500
4. 
Sassafras albidum 
10 
No 
FACU 
UPL species 
85 
x§= 
425
5. 
Column Totals: 
220 
{A) 
955 
{B)
6. 
Prevatence Index = B/A= 
4.34
7. 
Hydrophytic Vegetation indicators:
55 
=Total Cover 
___.1 - Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation
Herb Stratum 
(Plot size: 
5 
) 
2 
~ Dominance Test is >50%
1. 
Eurybia divaricata 
10 
Yes 
UPL 
___3- Prevalence Index is <3.0°
2. 
Alliaria petiofata 
10 
Yes 
FACU 
__.4- Morphological Adaptations’ (Provide supporting
3. 
Carex sylvatica 
5 
No 
FACU 
data in Remarks or on a separate sheet}
4. 
Erechtites hieraciifolius 
40 
Yes 
FACU 
___Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation' (Explain)
5. 
‘Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
6. 
be present, unless disturbed or problematic.
7. 
Definitions of Vegetation Strata:
8. 
Tree — Woody plants 3 in. (7.6 cm) or more in diameter
9. 
at breast height (DBH), regardiess of height.
10. 
Sapting/shrub — Woody plants less than 3 in. DBH
11. 
and greater than or equal to 3.28 ft (1 m) tall.
12, 
Herb ~ Ail herbaceous (non-woody) plants, regardless
35 
=Total Cover 
of size, and woody plants less than 3.28 ft tall.
Woody Vine Stratum 
{Plot size —__ 
Woody vines — Ail woody vines greater than 3.28 ft in
1. 
Toxicodendron radicans 
40 
Yes 
FAC 
height.
2. 
Celastrus orbiculatus 
10 
Yes 
FACU
. 
;, 
. 
Hydrophytic
3. 
_Lonicera japonica 
10 
Yes 
FACU 
Vegetation
4. 
Present? 
Yes 
No 
X
Remarks: (include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet.)
Northcentral and Northeast ~ Version 2.0
Northcentral and Northeast — Version 2.0

SOIL
Sampling Point: 
_Non-wet 1
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth 
Matrix 
Redox Features
(inches) 
Color (moist) 
% 
Color (moist) 
% 
Type’ 
Loc” 
Texture 
Remarks
0-5 
10YR 3/4 
100 
Loamy/Clayey
5-12 
40YR 4/3 
400 
Loamy/Clayey
12-18 
iOYR 5/4 
100 
Loamy/Clayey
‘Type: _C=Concentration, D=Depletion, RM=Reduced Matrix, MS=Masked Sand Grains.
?t ovation: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix,
Hydric Soil Indicators:
_._Histosol {A1) 
__Dark Surface (S7)
a. Histic Epipedon (A2) 
___Polyvalue Below Surface (S8) (LRR R,
Black Histic (A3) 
MLRA 1498)
Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) 
Thin Dark Surface (S9) (LRR R, MLRA 149B)
Stratified Layers (A5)
Depleted Below Dark Surface (A11)
High Chroma Sands (S11) (LRR K, L)
Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (LRR K, L)
Thick Dark Surface (A12) 
~ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2)}
Mesic Spodic (A17) 
Depleted Matrix (F3}
(MLRA 144A, 145, 1498) 
TM Redox Dark Surface (F6)
lron Monosulfide (A18) 
___ Depleted Dark Surface (F7)
Sandy Mucky Minera! (81) 
___Redox Depressions (F8)
Il |
Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils’:
2 om Muck (A10) (LRR K, L, MLRA 149B)
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat (S3) (LRR K, L, R)
Polyvalue Below Surface (S8) (LRR K, L)
Thin Dark Surface ($8) (LRR K, L)
Iron-Manganese Masses (F142) (LRR K, L, R)
Piedmont Floodplain Soils (F189) (MLRA 149B)
Red Parent Material (F21) (outside MLRA 145)
Very Shallow Dark Surface (F22)
Other (Explain in Remarks)
PETE 
tl
Sandy Gleyed Matrix (S4) 
__ Marl (FA 0) (LRR K, L) 
3indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
Sandy Redox ($5) 
___ Red Parent Material (F21) (MLRA 148) 
wetland hydrology must be present,
a. Stripped Matrix (S6) 
unless disturbed or problematic.
Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Type:
Depth (inches): 
Hydric Soil Present? 
Yes 
No 
X
Remarks:
ENG FORM 6116-8, SEP 2024
ENG FORM 6146-8, SEP 2024
Northcentral and Northeast — Version 2.0
Northcentral and Northeast — Version 2.0

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